December 2025 — DNB General Medicine

Define hypertriglyceridemia and classify it according to fasting serum triglyceride levels.

Describe the genetic and secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia, citing key molecular mechanisms.

Describe the role of coronary calcium scoring and CT angiography.

Explain the Frank–Starling mechanism of the heart and its clinical relevance in heart failure.

Describe the determinants of cardiac output and their regulation.

Draw and label a detailed cross-section of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus.

Describe the clinical features of major midbrain stroke syndromes.

Describe the physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy that predispose to infections.

Describe the general principles of antimicrobial use and contraindicated drugs during pregnancy.

Describe the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis.

Describe the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes with suitable examples.

What is the composition and function of the fecal microbiota?

What is fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and what are the current indications and contraindications for FMT?

Describe the techniques used in FMT and future perspectives of fecal microbiota therapy.

What are incretins and their physiological roles?

What are their mechanisms of action?

Describe the types of incretin-based therapies.

What are the clinical benefits and what are the recent developments in incretin therapy?

Describe the sequence of cellular events in acute inflammation.

Describe the roles of cytokines and chemical mediators in inflammation.

How to manage cytokine storm?

Classify hypersensitivity reactions with examples.

Describe the immunopathogenesis of type III hypersensitivity and its clinical relevance.

Describe types of genetic mutations and their molecular consequences.

Explain the principles of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and its clinical applications.

Describe the differential diagnosis and approach to a patient with generalized lymphadenopathy.

Enumerate difference between Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

WHO classification of Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Enumerate causes of azotemia.

Diagnostic approach to the patient with polyuria.

Describe the etiology of syncope and evaluation of syncope in adults.

Clinical features and evaluation of peripheral neuropathy.

Write a note on nerve conduction study (NCS).

Define antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and enumerate types of antiphospholipid antibodies.

Describe the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and management of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Describe structural and molecular basis of podocyte injury in primary nephrotic syndrome.

Describe the prognostic and therapeutic implications of podocytopathies in adults.

Describe etiopathogenesis and clinical features of leptospirosis.

Write about scoring system used in diagnosis of leptospirosis.

Write about management of leptospirosis.

Enumerate diseases included under spondyloarthritis.

Role of HLA-B27 in its pathogenesis.

Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis with current biologic agents.

Classify systemic vasculitis based on vessel size.

Outline the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Describe diagnostic evaluation and treatment principles of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s).

Describe the structure, mode of transmission, and pathogenesis of Epstein–Barr virus infection.

Enumerate hematologic, neurologic and hepatic complications of EBV infection.

Write about viral myocarditis.

Write a note on Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Describe pathophysiology and clinical features of acromegaly.

Outline diagnostic tests and management for acromegaly.

Outline oncological emergencies.

Mention key signs/symptoms and management principles of oncological emergencies.

Describe etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of Parkinson’s disease.

Write about management of drug-induced parkinsonism.

Write red flag signs for Parkinson’s disease.

Enumerate the ICHD-3 classification of headache disorders.

Outline a systematic diagnostic approach to a patient with new-onset headache.

Describe the red-flag features and initial investigations for secondary headache.

Describe the mechanisms of hyponatremia in heart failure and cirrhosis.

Explain the rationale and limitations of vasopressin antagonists (vaptans) in its treatment.

Define crystallopathy and classify crystal-induced arthritis.

Describe the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of gout as a prototype crystallopathy.

Explain the immunopathologic mechanisms of antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease.

Describe the principles and timing of plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy.

Pathogenesis in alcohol liver disease (ALD).

Describe the diagnostic approach to ALD.

Mention prognostic scoring systems used in ALD.

Approach to diagnose a connective tissue disorder.

Clinical features and management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

What is targeted Nano medicine? What are smart drugs and how do they work?

The types of Nano carriers used in medicine. What are the clinical applications of Nano medicine?

Discuss recent advances and ethical issues related to smart drug design.

Classification of newer insulins.

What are the limitations of conventional insulin therapy?

Describe clinical advantages and safety considerations, and emerging technologies in insulin delivery.

What is bioterrorism and what are the common biological agents used in bioterrorism?

Define mountain sickness. Write the types of mountain sickness.

What is the pathophysiology and clinical features of mountain sickness?

How is mountain sickness managed?

What are the major health hazards associated with smoking?

What are the effects of smoking on different organ systems?

What are the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures for nicotine de-addiction?

Describe clinical manifestations and management of hemophilia.

Write about recent advances in the management of hemophilia.

Describe the classification, pathophysiology, and clinical features of snake envenomation.

Outline the principles of management of snake bite, including the role of antivenom therapy.

Recent guidelines suggested by National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP).

Newer antituberculosis drugs with their side effects.

Outline the mechanism of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy.

Enumerate its indications, efficacy, and complications in hematologic malignancies.

Enumerate the inclusion and exclusion criteria for IV alteplase (tPA) therapy in ischemic stroke.

Discuss the principles, timing, and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy.